关于【ооп】的问题- 第1页

evan

Asked: 2024-04-22 05:52:03 +0800 CST

什么是抽象？

6

我了解 OOP 中的抽象，如果我理解正确，那么这就是选择并仅关注对象的那些细节，这将使我们能够解决问题。但我也听说过抽象级别和简单的抽象，这不适用于OOP。我想澄清这些观点。

Devik

Asked: 2024-04-05 19:27:20 +0800 CST

更改可视键盘布局

5

我有一个Keyboard类，其中绘制键盘，还有一个KeyEvent类，其中按键可视化。我需要当我按下 Alt + Shift 组合时，视觉键盘上的语言会发生变化。

我尝试完全清除键盘，删除所有元素，但是当我调用setupUI时它不会出现。

界面

from PySide6.QtCore import (QCoreApplication, QDate, QDateTime, QLocale,
    QMetaObject, QObject, QPoint, QRect,
    QSize, QTime, QUrl, Qt)
from PySide6.QtGui import (QBrush, QColor, QConicalGradient, QCursor,
    QFont, QFontDatabase, QGradient, QIcon,
    QImage, QKeySequence, QLinearGradient, QPainter,
    QPalette, QPixmap, QRadialGradient, QTransform)
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QFrame, QMainWindow, QSizePolicy,
    QVBoxLayout, QWidget)
from create_keyboard import Keyboard

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        if not MainWindow.objectName():
            MainWindow.setObjectName(u"MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(750, 443)
        self.centralwidget = QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName(u"centralwidget")
        self.verticalLayout = QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName(u"verticalLayout")
        self.main_frame = QFrame(self.centralwidget)
        self.main_frame.setObjectName(u"main_frame")
        self.main_frame.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
        self.main_frame.setFrameShadow(QFrame.Raised)
        self.verticalLayout_2 = QVBoxLayout(self.main_frame)
        self.verticalLayout_2.setObjectName(u"verticalLayout_2")
        self.Keyboard = Keyboard(self.main_frame)
        self.Keyboard.setObjectName(u"Keyboard")
        self.Keyboard.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
        self.Keyboard.setFrameShadow(QFrame.Raised)

    self.verticalLayout_2.addWidget(self.Keyboard)


    self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.main_frame)

    MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)

    self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)

    QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
# setupUi

def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
    MainWindow.setWindowTitle(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"MainWindow", None))
# retranslateUi


class Test(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Test, self).__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)

        self.installEventFilter(self.Keyboard.events)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    from sys import argv, exit
    app = QApplication(argv)
    window = Test()
    window.show()
    exit(app.exec())

创建键盘.py

from PySide6.QtCore import QSize, Qt
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QFrame, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QSizePolicy, QSpacerItem, QVBoxLayout
from key_events import KeyEvent


class Keyboard(QFrame):

    ru = ['', 'Ё', '1 !', '2 "', '3 №', '4 ;', '5 %', '6 :', '7 ?', '8 *', '9 (', '0 )', '- _', '= +', 'BackSpace', '',
        '', 'Tab', 'Й', 'Ц', 'У', 'К', 'Е', 'Н', 'Г', 'Ш', 'Щ', 'З', 'Х', 'Ъ', '\\ /', '',
        '', 'Caps', 'Ф', 'Ы', 'В', 'А', 'П', 'Р', 'О', 'Л', 'Д', 'Ж', 'Э', 'Enter', '',
        '', 'Shift', 'Я', 'Ч', 'С', 'М', 'И', 'Т', 'Ь', 'Б', 'Ю', '. ,', 'LShift', '',
        '', 'Alt', 'Space', '']
    eng = ['', '` ~', '1 !', '2 @', '3 #', '4 $', '5 %', '6 ^', '7 &', '8 *', '9 (', '0 )', '- _', '= +', 'BackSpace', '',
        '', 'Tab', 'Q', 'W', 'E', 'R', 'T', 'Y', 'U', 'I', 'O', 'P', '[ {', '] }', '\\ |', '',
        '', 'Caps', 'A', 'S', 'D', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', '; :', '\' "', 'Enter', '',
        '', 'Shift', 'Z', 'X', 'C', 'V', 'B', 'N', 'M', ', <', '. >', '/ ?', 'LShift', '',
        '', 'Alt', 'Space', '']
    symbols = '~!@#$%^&*()_+\\{}:"<>?!"№;%:?*()_+/,|'
    sizes = {'BackSpace': (100, 140), 'Tab': (80, 110), '\\ /': (70, 100),
         '\\ |': (70, 100), 'Caps': (100, 130), 'Enter': (100, 155),
         'Shift': (130, 170), 'LShift': (130, 190), 'Space': (400, 550)}

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.setMaximumSize(QSize(16777215, 385))

        self.keys = None
        self.setupUI('ru')

        self.events = KeyEvent(self)

    def setupUI(self, lang):
        self.keys = self.ru if lang == 'ru' else self.eng
        lines = {'Line_1': self.keys[:16], 'Line_2': self.keys[16:32], 'Line_3': self.keys[32:47],
             'Line_4': self.keys[47:61], 'Line_5': self.keys[61:]}

        self.verticalLayout = QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.verticalLayout.setSpacing(5)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName(u"verticalLayout")
        self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(10, 0, 10, 0)

        sizePolicy = QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)

        for i, ln in enumerate(lines.keys()):
            line = QFrame(self)
            line.setObjectName(ln)

            horizontalLayout = QHBoxLayout(line)
            horizontalLayout.setSpacing(5)
            horizontalLayout.setObjectName(f"horizontalLayout_{i}")
            horizontalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)

            for key in lines[ln]:
                if not key:
                    horizontalSpacer = QSpacerItem(0, 0, QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Minimum)
                    horizontalLayout.addItem(horizontalSpacer)
                    continue

                label = QLabel(line)
                if key[-1] in self.symbols:
                    label.setObjectName(f'Key_{key[0]}')
                else:
                    label.setObjectName(f'Key_{key}')
                sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(label.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
                label.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
                label.setText(key)
                if key in self.sizes.keys():
                    minimal, maximum = self.sizes[key]
                    label.setMinimumSize(QSize(minimal, 50))
                    label.setMaximumSize(QSize(maximum, 70))
                else:
                    label.setMinimumSize(QSize(50, 50))
                    label.setMaximumSize(70, 70)
                label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
                horizontalLayout.addWidget(label)

            for index, key in enumerate(lines[ln]):
                if key:
                    if (ln == 'Line_1' and index == 14 or ln == 'Line_2' and index in (1, 14)
                        or ln == 'Line_3' and index in (1, 13) or ln == 'Line_4' and index in (1, 12)):
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(index, 3)

                    else:
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(index, 1)

                    if ln == 'Line_5':
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(0, 4)
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(1, 1)
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(2, 8)
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(3, 4)

            self.verticalLayout.addWidget(line)

key_events.py

from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, QObject
from PySide6.QtGui import QKeyEvent
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QLabel
from ctypes import WinDLL


def _get_capslock_state():
    hllDll = WinDLL("User32.dll")
    VK_CAPITAL = 0x14
    return hllDll.GetKeyState(VK_CAPITAL) != 0


class KeyEvent(QObject):
    keys = {Qt.Key_Backspace: "BackSpace", Qt.Key_Return: "Enter", Qt.Key_Space: "Space",
            Qt.Key_Tab: "Tab", Qt.Key_Alt: "Alt"}

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.parent = parent
        self.caps_on = _get_capslock_state()
        self.system_button = False

        if self.caps_on:
            self._search_button('Caps').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')

    def eventFilter(self, watched, event):
        if event.type() == QKeyEvent.KeyPress:
            key: QKeyEvent = event

            # Изменить клавиатуру здесь
            if key.modifiers() is Qt.AltModifier | Qt.ShiftModifier:
                pass

            if key.nativeScanCode() == 54:
                self._search_button('LShift').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')
            if key.nativeScanCode() == 42:
                self._search_button('Shift').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')

            for k, v in self.keys.items():
                if key.key() == k:
                    self._search_button(v).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')
                    self.system_button = True

            if key.key() == Qt.Key_CapsLock and not self.caps_on:
                self._search_button('Caps').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')
                self.caps_on = True
                return True
            elif key.key() == Qt.Key_CapsLock and self.caps_on:
                self._search_button('Caps').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')
                self.caps_on = False

            if not self.system_button:
                if key.modifiers() == Qt.ShiftModifier and key.text():
                    self._search_button(self._translate(key.text())).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')

                if key.modifiers() == Qt.NoModifier and key.text():
                    self._search_button(key.text().upper()).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')

        if event.type() == QKeyEvent.KeyRelease:
            key: QKeyEvent = event

            if key.nativeScanCode() == 54:
                self._search_button('LShift').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')
            if key.nativeScanCode() == 42:
                self._search_button('Shift').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')

            for k, v in self.keys.items():
                if key.key() == k:
                    self._search_button(v).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')
                    self.system_button = False
                    return True

            if key.modifiers() == Qt.ShiftModifier and key.text():
                self._search_button(self._translate(key.text())).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')

            if key.modifiers() == Qt.NoModifier and key.text():
                self._search_button(self._translate(key.text()).upper()).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')

        return super().eventFilter(watched, event)

    def _search_button(self, name):
        buttons = self.parent.findChildren(QLabel)
        for btn in buttons:
            name_button = btn.objectName().split('_')[1]
            if name_button == name:
                return btn

    def _translate(self, text):
        if self.parent.keys == self.parent.eng:
            maketrans = text.maketrans('~!@#$%^&*()_+|{}:"<>?', '`1234567890-=\\[];\',./')
        else:
            maketrans = text.maketrans('!"№;%:?*()_+/,', '1234567890-=\\.')
        return text.translate(maketrans)

Apostol Petr

Asked: 2024-03-07 23:16:26 +0800 CST

DI、DI 容器和服务定位器有什么区别？

7

我不太明白这些概念到底有何不同，我将不胜感激。

GACHIK

Asked: 2023-12-24 20:43:35 +0800 CST

如何通过 print 输出矩阵类对象

5

您需要创建一个大小为 m*n 的矩阵类，并配置魔术方法 __str__ ，以便在通过 print 输出时，对象以矩阵格式输出（长度为 m 的 n 行矩形）。我创建了一个类，但我不知道在哪里编写方法中另一行的翻译；我在 OOP 和类似事物方面经验很少。

class Matrix:
    def __init__(self, n, m):
        self.n = n#строки
        self.m = m#столбцы 
        self.matrix = [[0]*cols]*rows
    def __str__(self):
        return f'{[[j for j in i] for i in self.matrix]}'
        
a = Matrix(3, 5)
print(a.n, a.m, a, sep='\n')

根据我的想法，它应该输出什么：

它实际上得出的结论是：

3 
5
[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

XOF74

Asked: 2023-11-05 16:13:29 +0800 CST

为什么调用方法对象传递另一个对象的字段作为参数而不是它自己的字段[关闭]

2

关闭。这个问题需要澄清或者补充细节。目前不接受对此问题的答复。

想要改进这个问题吗？通过编辑这篇文章添加更多详细信息并澄清问题。

5 天前关闭。

改进问题

class Unit
{
    protected int _health;
    protected int _damage;

    public virtual void Attack(Unit unit)
    {

        unit.TakeDamage(_damage);//почему скелет вызывая метод передает аргументом поле _damage обьекта Archer?.. а не свое поле
    }

    public virtual void TakeDamage(int damage)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(damage);

        if (damage >= _health)
        {
            _health = 0;
            Die();
            return;
        }
        _health -= damage;
    }

    protected virtual void Die() { }
}

class Skeleton : Unit
{
    public Skeleton()
    {
        _health = 15;
        _damage = 12;
    }

    public override void Attack(Unit unit)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Скелет атакует.");
        base.Attack(unit);
    }

    protected override void Die()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Скелет убит.");
    }
}

class Archer : Unit
{
    public Archer()
    {
        _health = 50;
        _damage = 15;
    }

    public override void Attack(Unit unit)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Лучник атакует.");
        base.Attack(unit);
    }

    protected override void Die()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Лучник убит.");
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Archer archer = new Archer();
        Skeleton skelet = new Skeleton();
        archer.Attack(skelet);
        archer.Attack(skelet);
    }
}

什么是抽象？

更改可视键盘布局

DI、DI 容器和服务定位器有什么区别？

如何通过 print 输出矩阵类对象

为什么调用方法对象传递另一个对象的字段作为参数而不是它自己的字段[关闭]

我看不懂措辞

请求的模块“del”不提供名为“default”的导出

"!+tab" 在 HTML 的 vs 代码中不起作用

我正在尝试解决“猜词”的问题。Python

可以使用哪些命令将当前指针移动到指定的提交而不更改工作目录中的文件？

Python解析野莓

问题：“警告：检查最新版本的 pip 时出错。”

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尽管依赖数组为空，但在渲染上调用了 2 次 useEffect

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问题[ооп]