Devik's questions

我有一个Keyboard类，其中绘制键盘，还有一个KeyEvent类，其中按键可视化。我需要当我按下 Alt + Shift 组合时，视觉键盘上的语言会发生变化。

我尝试完全清除键盘，删除所有元素，但是当我调用setupUI时它不会出现。

界面

from PySide6.QtCore import (QCoreApplication, QDate, QDateTime, QLocale,
    QMetaObject, QObject, QPoint, QRect,
    QSize, QTime, QUrl, Qt)
from PySide6.QtGui import (QBrush, QColor, QConicalGradient, QCursor,
    QFont, QFontDatabase, QGradient, QIcon,
    QImage, QKeySequence, QLinearGradient, QPainter,
    QPalette, QPixmap, QRadialGradient, QTransform)
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QFrame, QMainWindow, QSizePolicy,
    QVBoxLayout, QWidget)
from create_keyboard import Keyboard

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        if not MainWindow.objectName():
            MainWindow.setObjectName(u"MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(750, 443)
        self.centralwidget = QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName(u"centralwidget")
        self.verticalLayout = QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName(u"verticalLayout")
        self.main_frame = QFrame(self.centralwidget)
        self.main_frame.setObjectName(u"main_frame")
        self.main_frame.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
        self.main_frame.setFrameShadow(QFrame.Raised)
        self.verticalLayout_2 = QVBoxLayout(self.main_frame)
        self.verticalLayout_2.setObjectName(u"verticalLayout_2")
        self.Keyboard = Keyboard(self.main_frame)
        self.Keyboard.setObjectName(u"Keyboard")
        self.Keyboard.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
        self.Keyboard.setFrameShadow(QFrame.Raised)

    self.verticalLayout_2.addWidget(self.Keyboard)


    self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.main_frame)

    MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)

    self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)

    QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
# setupUi

def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
    MainWindow.setWindowTitle(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"MainWindow", None))
# retranslateUi


class Test(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Test, self).__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)

        self.installEventFilter(self.Keyboard.events)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    from sys import argv, exit
    app = QApplication(argv)
    window = Test()
    window.show()
    exit(app.exec())

创建键盘.py

from PySide6.QtCore import QSize, Qt
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QFrame, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QSizePolicy, QSpacerItem, QVBoxLayout
from key_events import KeyEvent


class Keyboard(QFrame):

    ru = ['', 'Ё', '1 !', '2 "', '3 №', '4 ;', '5 %', '6 :', '7 ?', '8 *', '9 (', '0 )', '- _', '= +', 'BackSpace', '',
        '', 'Tab', 'Й', 'Ц', 'У', 'К', 'Е', 'Н', 'Г', 'Ш', 'Щ', 'З', 'Х', 'Ъ', '\\ /', '',
        '', 'Caps', 'Ф', 'Ы', 'В', 'А', 'П', 'Р', 'О', 'Л', 'Д', 'Ж', 'Э', 'Enter', '',
        '', 'Shift', 'Я', 'Ч', 'С', 'М', 'И', 'Т', 'Ь', 'Б', 'Ю', '. ,', 'LShift', '',
        '', 'Alt', 'Space', '']
    eng = ['', '` ~', '1 !', '2 @', '3 #', '4 $', '5 %', '6 ^', '7 &', '8 *', '9 (', '0 )', '- _', '= +', 'BackSpace', '',
        '', 'Tab', 'Q', 'W', 'E', 'R', 'T', 'Y', 'U', 'I', 'O', 'P', '[ {', '] }', '\\ |', '',
        '', 'Caps', 'A', 'S', 'D', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', '; :', '\' "', 'Enter', '',
        '', 'Shift', 'Z', 'X', 'C', 'V', 'B', 'N', 'M', ', <', '. >', '/ ?', 'LShift', '',
        '', 'Alt', 'Space', '']
    symbols = '~!@#$%^&*()_+\\{}:"<>?!"№;%:?*()_+/,|'
    sizes = {'BackSpace': (100, 140), 'Tab': (80, 110), '\\ /': (70, 100),
         '\\ |': (70, 100), 'Caps': (100, 130), 'Enter': (100, 155),
         'Shift': (130, 170), 'LShift': (130, 190), 'Space': (400, 550)}

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.setMaximumSize(QSize(16777215, 385))

        self.keys = None
        self.setupUI('ru')

        self.events = KeyEvent(self)

    def setupUI(self, lang):
        self.keys = self.ru if lang == 'ru' else self.eng
        lines = {'Line_1': self.keys[:16], 'Line_2': self.keys[16:32], 'Line_3': self.keys[32:47],
             'Line_4': self.keys[47:61], 'Line_5': self.keys[61:]}

        self.verticalLayout = QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.verticalLayout.setSpacing(5)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName(u"verticalLayout")
        self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(10, 0, 10, 0)

        sizePolicy = QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)

        for i, ln in enumerate(lines.keys()):
            line = QFrame(self)
            line.setObjectName(ln)

            horizontalLayout = QHBoxLayout(line)
            horizontalLayout.setSpacing(5)
            horizontalLayout.setObjectName(f"horizontalLayout_{i}")
            horizontalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)

            for key in lines[ln]:
                if not key:
                    horizontalSpacer = QSpacerItem(0, 0, QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Minimum)
                    horizontalLayout.addItem(horizontalSpacer)
                    continue

                label = QLabel(line)
                if key[-1] in self.symbols:
                    label.setObjectName(f'Key_{key[0]}')
                else:
                    label.setObjectName(f'Key_{key}')
                sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(label.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
                label.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
                label.setText(key)
                if key in self.sizes.keys():
                    minimal, maximum = self.sizes[key]
                    label.setMinimumSize(QSize(minimal, 50))
                    label.setMaximumSize(QSize(maximum, 70))
                else:
                    label.setMinimumSize(QSize(50, 50))
                    label.setMaximumSize(70, 70)
                label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
                horizontalLayout.addWidget(label)

            for index, key in enumerate(lines[ln]):
                if key:
                    if (ln == 'Line_1' and index == 14 or ln == 'Line_2' and index in (1, 14)
                        or ln == 'Line_3' and index in (1, 13) or ln == 'Line_4' and index in (1, 12)):
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(index, 3)

                    else:
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(index, 1)

                    if ln == 'Line_5':
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(0, 4)
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(1, 1)
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(2, 8)
                        horizontalLayout.setStretch(3, 4)

            self.verticalLayout.addWidget(line)

key_events.py

from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, QObject
from PySide6.QtGui import QKeyEvent
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QLabel
from ctypes import WinDLL


def _get_capslock_state():
    hllDll = WinDLL("User32.dll")
    VK_CAPITAL = 0x14
    return hllDll.GetKeyState(VK_CAPITAL) != 0


class KeyEvent(QObject):
    keys = {Qt.Key_Backspace: "BackSpace", Qt.Key_Return: "Enter", Qt.Key_Space: "Space",
            Qt.Key_Tab: "Tab", Qt.Key_Alt: "Alt"}

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.parent = parent
        self.caps_on = _get_capslock_state()
        self.system_button = False

        if self.caps_on:
            self._search_button('Caps').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')

    def eventFilter(self, watched, event):
        if event.type() == QKeyEvent.KeyPress:
            key: QKeyEvent = event

            # Изменить клавиатуру здесь
            if key.modifiers() is Qt.AltModifier | Qt.ShiftModifier:
                pass

            if key.nativeScanCode() == 54:
                self._search_button('LShift').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')
            if key.nativeScanCode() == 42:
                self._search_button('Shift').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')

            for k, v in self.keys.items():
                if key.key() == k:
                    self._search_button(v).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')
                    self.system_button = True

            if key.key() == Qt.Key_CapsLock and not self.caps_on:
                self._search_button('Caps').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')
                self.caps_on = True
                return True
            elif key.key() == Qt.Key_CapsLock and self.caps_on:
                self._search_button('Caps').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')
                self.caps_on = False

            if not self.system_button:
                if key.modifiers() == Qt.ShiftModifier and key.text():
                    self._search_button(self._translate(key.text())).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')

                if key.modifiers() == Qt.NoModifier and key.text():
                    self._search_button(key.text().upper()).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: #999999')

        if event.type() == QKeyEvent.KeyRelease:
            key: QKeyEvent = event

            if key.nativeScanCode() == 54:
                self._search_button('LShift').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')
            if key.nativeScanCode() == 42:
                self._search_button('Shift').setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')

            for k, v in self.keys.items():
                if key.key() == k:
                    self._search_button(v).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')
                    self.system_button = False
                    return True

            if key.modifiers() == Qt.ShiftModifier and key.text():
                self._search_button(self._translate(key.text())).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')

            if key.modifiers() == Qt.NoModifier and key.text():
                self._search_button(self._translate(key.text()).upper()).setStyleSheet(u'background-color: none')

        return super().eventFilter(watched, event)

    def _search_button(self, name):
        buttons = self.parent.findChildren(QLabel)
        for btn in buttons:
            name_button = btn.objectName().split('_')[1]
            if name_button == name:
                return btn

    def _translate(self, text):
        if self.parent.keys == self.parent.eng:
            maketrans = text.maketrans('~!@#$%^&*()_+|{}:"<>?', '`1234567890-=\\[];\',./')
        else:
            maketrans = text.maketrans('!"№;%:?*()_+/,', '1234567890-=\\.')
        return text.translate(maketrans)

将QSS文件放入资源中。结果是一个像这样的QRC文件：

<RCC>
  <qresource prefix="sun">
    <file>icons/sun-black.svg</file>
    <file>icons/sun-white.svg</file>
  </qresource>
  <qresource prefix="styles">
    <file>dark.qss</file>
  </qresource>
  <qresource prefix="other">
    <file>icons/arrow_black.png</file>
    <file>icons/arrow_white.png</file>
  </qresource>
  <qresource prefix="header">
    <file>icons/expand_black.png</file>
    <file>icons/expand_white.png</file>
    <file>icons/fullscreen_black.png</file>
    <file>icons/fullscreen_white.png</file>
    <file>icons/-black.svg</file>
    <file>icons/-white.svg</file>
    <file>icons/xblack.svg</file>
    <file>icons/xwhite.svg</file>
  </qresource>
</RCC>

之后我将其转换为.py

问题是，我可以访问QSS文件并使用它吗？

您需要确保有QLineEdit背景文本，并且在其上面打印了新的文本。我用过placeholderText()，但是文字消失了。

我想创建一个自定义的 LineEdit，继承自QLineEdit，但我什至不知道从哪里开始。

from PySide6.QtCore import *
from PySide6.QtGui import *
from PySide6.QtWidgets import *
from sys import argv, exit


class LineEdit(QLineEdit):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        QLineEdit.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)


class Window(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setWindowTitle('LineEdit')
        self.setMinimumSize(640, 480)
        self.resize(640, 480)

        self.centralwidget = QWidget(self)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName(u"centralwidget")
        self.verticalLayout = QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName(u"verticalLayout")

        lineedit = LineEdit('', self)

        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(lineedit)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(argv)
    window = Window()
    window.show()

    exit(app.exec())

如果您在“年龄”字段中输入小于 18 且大于 80 的数字，然后单击QPushButton（按钮将保持灰色）或打开QRadioButton（圆圈将变为蓝色），程序会出现视觉错误。

有什么办法可以去掉这个吗？当您单击另一个字段LineEdit时，没有类似的东西。

from PySide6 import QtWidgets, QtCore, QtGui

class QTApp(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(QTApp, self).__init__()

        self.LE_sample_input_01 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit()
        self.LE_sample_input_02 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit()
        self.LE_sample_input_01.setPlaceholderText('Возраст')
        self.RadioButton = QtWidgets.QRadioButton('Что-то')
        self.Button = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Тык')
        self.Button.setStyleSheet("QPushButton:pressed {background-color: #b3b3ba;}")

        layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
        layout.addWidget(self.LE_sample_input_01)
        layout.addWidget(self.LE_sample_input_02)
        layout.addWidget(self.RadioButton)
        layout.addWidget(self.Button)

        self.LE_sample_input_01.installEventFilter(self)

    def eventFilter(self, obj, event):
        if event.type() == QtCore.QEvent.FocusOut and QtGui.QFocusEvent.reason(event) == QtCore.Qt.MouseFocusReason:
            if obj is self.LE_sample_input_01:
                try:
                    age = int(self.LE_sample_input_01.text())
                    if age < 18 or age > 80:
                        error = QtWidgets.QMessageBox()
                        error.setWindowTitle('Ошибка возраста')
                        error.setText('Возраст введён неверно (от 18 до 80 лет)')
                        error.setIcon(QtWidgets.QMessageBox.Warning)
                        error.addButton('Ок',QtWidgets.QMessageBox.AcceptRole)
                        error.exec()
                        obj.setFocus()
                        obj.selectAll()
                        return True
                except: pass
        return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication()
    qt_app = QTApp()
    qt_app.show()
    app.exec()

您需要在QLineEdit失去焦点后执行某个功能，\例如，单击一个按钮或选择另一个QLineEdit.

我需要在字段中输入一个数字QLineEdit，
在我的例子中是这个人的年龄（年龄范围от 18 до 80）。

输入并切换焦点到另一个对象后，例如，到另一个字段或按下按钮，您需要程序检查输入的数字，如果小于 18 或大于 80，显示一个弹出窗口，带有错误并把重点放在这个领域，如果一切都好，什么也不做。

        from PySide6.QtCore import (QCoreApplication, QDate, QDateTime, QLocale,
        QMetaObject, QObject, QPoint, QRect,
        QSize, QTime, QUrl, Qt)
    from PySide6.QtGui import (QBrush, QColor, QConicalGradient, QCursor,
        QFont, QFontDatabase, QGradient, QIcon,
        QImage, QKeySequence, QLinearGradient, QPainter,
        QPalette, QPixmap, QRadialGradient, QTransform)
    from PySide6.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QGridLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
        QLineEdit, QMainWindow, QSizePolicy, QWidget)
    
    class Ui_MainWindow(object):
        def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
            if not MainWindow.objectName():
                MainWindow.setObjectName(u"MainWindow")
            MainWindow.resize(371, 118)
            self.centralwidget = QWidget(MainWindow)
            self.centralwidget.setObjectName(u"centralwidget")
            self.gridLayout = QGridLayout(self.centralwidget)
            self.gridLayout.setObjectName(u"gridLayout")
            self.horizontalLayout = QHBoxLayout()
            self.horizontalLayout.setSpacing(0)
            self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName(u"horizontalLayout")
            self.label = QLabel(self.centralwidget)
            self.label.setObjectName(u"label")
    
            self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.label)
    
            self.lineEdit = QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
            self.lineEdit.setObjectName(u"lineEdit")
    
            self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit)
    
    
            self.gridLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout, 0, 0, 1, 1)
    
            self.horizontalLayout_2 = QHBoxLayout()
            self.horizontalLayout_2.setSpacing(0)
            self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName(u"horizontalLayout_2")
            self.label_2 = QLabel(self.centralwidget)
            self.label_2.setObjectName(u"label_2")
    
            self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.label_2)
    
            self.lineEdit_2 = QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
            self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName(u"lineEdit_2")
    
            self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.lineEdit_2)
    
    
            self.gridLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2, 1, 0, 1, 1)
    
            MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
    
            self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
    
            QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
        # setupUi
    
        def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
            MainWindow.setWindowTitle(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"MainWindow", None))
            self.label.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"\u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442", None))
            self.label_2.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"\u0427\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435", None))
        # retranslateUi
        import sys
    from test import *
    
    class Test(QMainWindow):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Test, self).__init__()
            self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
            self.ui.setupUi(self)
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        window = Test()
        window.show()
    
        sys.exit(app.exec())

我尝试通过eventFilter，一切正常，但焦点有问题。如果您返回焦点，则光标在其上不可见，我也想选择所有文本，但selectAll()它不起作用。

    from PySide6 import QtWidgets, QtCore, QtGui

class QTApp(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(QTApp, self).__init__()

        self.LE_sample_input_01 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit()
        self.LE_sample_input_02 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit()

        layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
        layout.addWidget(self.LE_sample_input_01)
        layout.addWidget(self.LE_sample_input_02)

        self.LE_sample_input_01.installEventFilter(self)

    def eventFilter(self, obj, event):
        if event.type() == QtCore.QEvent.FocusOut and QtGui.QFocusEvent.reason(event) == QtCore.Qt.MouseFocusReason:
            if obj is self.LE_sample_input_01:
                self.LE_sample_input_01.setFocus()
                try:
                    age = int(self.LE_sample_input_01.text())
                    if age < 18 or age > 80:
                        error = QtWidgets.QMessageBox()
                        error.setWindowTitle('Ошибка возраста')
                        error.setText('Возраст введён неверно (от 18 до 80 лет)')
                        error.setIcon(QtWidgets.QMessageBox.Warning)
                        error.addButton('Ок',QtWidgets.QMessageBox.AcceptRole)
                        error.exec()
                        obj.setFocus()
                        obj.selectAll()
                except:
                    print('Ошибка')
        return QtWidgets.QWidget.eventFilter(self,obj,event)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication()
    qt_app = QTApp()
    qt_app.show()
    app.exec()