Injustive's questions

有这样的代码，我需要以某种方式将 words 变量从循环传递给 step_proceed 函数（最后一行）。我对全局变量有一个想法，但是没有它们有什么办法吗？

def callback_handler(call):
    db = Database('db/database.db')
    markup = types.InlineKeyboardMarkup(row_width=1)
    for category in db.get_categories():
        markup.add(types.InlineKeyboardButton(text=category['title'], callback_data='category_' + category['callback_name']))
    if call.data == 'start_quiz':
        bot.send_message(call.message.chat.id, 'Привет, устрою вам небольшой экскурс. Когда вы выбираете категорию, появляются новые слова, под каждым словом есть 2 кнопки. Когда вы нажимаете "Не знаю" - вам ничего не начисляется. При нажатии "Подсказка" ,у вас снимется 0.5 бала(если вы напишете правильный ответ). Если вы напишете перевод верно, вам зачислится 1 очко. Игра до 10 очков. Удачи!')
        time.sleep(11)
        bot.send_message(call.message.chat.id, 'Выберите категорию {}'.format(emoji.emojize(':down_arrow:')), reply_markup=markup)

    for category in db.get_categories():        #выполнение колбеков через цикл, используя БД
        if call.data == 'category_' + category['callback_name']:
            markup = types.InlineKeyboardMarkup(row_width=2)
            btn1 = types.InlineKeyboardButton(text="Не знаю", callback_data='dont_know')
            btn2 = types.InlineKeyboardButton(text="Подсказка", callback_data='hint')
            markup.add(btn1, btn2)
            words = db.get_words(category['title'])
            random_word = words[random.randint(0, len(words))]
            bot.send_message(call.message.chat.id, "Ну что ж, да начнется битва! Даю вам время 30 сек, иначе...", parse_mode='Markdown')
            time.sleep(2)
            msg = bot.send_message(call.message.chat.id, ("Впишите перевод: " + str(random_word['translation']).capitalize()), parse_mode='Markdown', reply_markup=markup)
            bot.register_next_step_handler(msg, step_proceed)

有一个键盘（db.view_all_coins(call.message.chat.id）返回一个列表）。

markup = types.InlineKeyboardMarkup(row_width=3)
for coin in db.view_all_coins(call.message.chat.id):
    markup.add(types.InlineKeyboardButton(text=coin, callback_data='view_info'))

每个按钮的文本都是从此列表生成的。当我按下这个键盘时，我怎样才能得到这个文本？我试过call.message.json['reply_markup']['inline_keyboard'][0][0]['text']了，但我需要准确地返回按下按钮的文本，而不仅仅是 1 个列表项。

我想创建这样一个菜单，这是 tkinter 的一个例子。

这已经是PyQt5代码：

class Menu(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.menubar = parent.menuBar()
        self.file = self.menubar.addMenu('&Опции')
            

        self.exitAction = QAction(QIcon('icons/cross-exit.ico'), '&Exit', self)
        self.exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        self.exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        self.exitAction.triggered.connect(parent.close)
            
        self.file.addAction(self.exitAction)

    def addMenu(self, actionName, text, command, icon, shortcut=None, statusTip=None) :
        self.actionName = QAction(QIcon(icon), text, self)
        if shortcut:
            self.actionName.setShortcut(shortcut)
        if statusTip:
            self.actionName.setStatusTip(statusTip)
        self.actionName.triggered.connect(command)

        self.file.insertAction(self.exitAction, self.actionName)

悬停在self.wordButton等上时如何使背景颜色发生变化？像 self.wordButton:hover{}

self.wordButton.setStyleSheet("""
                    font-size: 15px;
                    border-radius: 15px;
                    min-height: 40px;
                    max-height: 40px;
                    min-width: 100px;
                    max-width: 50px;
                    background-color: #ADD8E6;
                    border: 1px double #90EE90;
                """)

我怎样才能使它在单击按钮时，在一段时间后执行一个函数？

time.sleep(...)不适合。

和你一样tkinter after(ms, func)还是你js setTimeout(ms, func)？

为什么会报错？ Ошибка: "sqlite3.OperationalError: near "table": syntax error"

编码

def sqlLiteConnect(self, db, table, column_name, lang=None):
    self.connect = sqlite3.connect(db)
    self.cursor = self.connect.cursor()
    self.query_columns = "PRAGMA table_info('+table+')"
    self.cursor.execute(self.query_columns)

    self.queryRow = """SELECT id, Word, Translation FROM table  WHERE id=random.randomint(0, 2000) """
    self.cursor.execute(self.queryRow)
    print(self.queryRow)
    self.cursor.commit()


sqlLiteConnect(self, 'db/Lings_Words_Db.db', 'generalWords', 'Word')

countLabel悬停时如何使工具提示具有正常的矩形形状，而不是圆形？

import PyQt5
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtGui
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QDesktopWidget, QMainWindow, QAction, qApp
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

HEIGHT = 750
WIDTH = 1300
class Menu(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.menubar = parent.menuBar()
        self.file = self.menubar.addMenu('&Опции')


        self.exitAction = QAction(QIcon('icons/cross-exit.ico'), '&Exit', self)
        self.exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        self.exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        self.exitAction.triggered.connect(parent.close)

        self.file.addAction(self.exitAction)

    def addMenu(self, actionName, text, command, icon, shortcut=None, statusTip=None) :
        self.actionName = QAction(QIcon(icon), text, self)
        if shortcut:
            self.actionName.setShortcut(shortcut)
        if statusTip:
            self.actionName.setStatusTip(statusTip)
        self.actionName.triggered.connect(command)

        self.file.insertAction(self.exitAction, self.actionName)


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.q = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry()
        self.r_w, self.r_h = self.q.width(), self.q.height()
        self.setGeometry(self.r_w/2-WIDTH/2, self.r_h/2-HEIGHT/2, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
        self.w = self.size().width()
        self.h = self.size().height()
        print(self.w, self.h)
        self.setFixedSize(1300, 750)
        self.setWindowTitle('Lings')
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('icons/Lings.ico'))
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel("sdsd", self)
        self.labelAnswer = QtWidgets.QLabel(self)
        self.labelEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self)
        self.countLabel = QtWidgets.QLabel('0', self)
        self.l_w, self.l_h = 500, 100
        self.label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.countLabel.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.labelEdit.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.labelAnswer.resize(self.l_w, self.l_h)
        self.countLabel.resize(50, 50)
        self.labelEdit.resize(self.l_w, self.l_h)
        self.labelAnswer.move(self.w/2-self.l_w/2, 250)
        self.countLabel.move(self.w/2-self.l_w/2+550, 275)
        self.labelEdit.move(self.w/2-self.l_w/2, 400)
        self.label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.label.resize(self.l_w, self.l_h)
        self.label.move(self.w/2-self.l_w/2, 100)
        self.label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('Verdana', 24))
        self.labelAnswer.setFont(QtGui.QFont('Verdana', 24))
        self.labelEdit.setFont(QtGui.QFont('Verdana', 24))
        self.label.setStyleSheet("background-color: #E0FFFF;")
        self.labelAnswer.setStyleSheet("background-color: #E0FFFF")
        self.labelEdit.setStyleSheet("background-color: #7FFFD4; border: none")
        self.countLabel.setToolTip("Ваша серия правильных ответов") #?????????????????????
        self.countLabel.setStyleSheet("""
            font-size: 15px;
            border-radius: 25px;
            min-height: 50px;
            max-height: 50px;
            min-width: 50px;
            max-width: 50px;
            background-color: #FAF0E6;
            border: 1px double #ADD8E6;
        """)
        self.menu = Menu(self)
        self.menu.addMenu('action', 'New', lambda: SecondWindow(self), 'icons/test.ico', shortcut="Ctrl+D", statusTip="Creating")
        self.menu.addMenu('Eng', 'С английского на русский', lambda: SecondWindow(self), 'icons/eng-rus.ico', shortcut="Ctrl+D", statusTip="Creating")
        self.menu.addMenu('Rus', 'С русского на английский', lambda: SecondWindow(self), 'icons/rus-eng.ico', shortcut="Ctrl+D", statusTip="Creating")




        self.show()

class SecondWindow(QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent, QtCore.Qt.Window)
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):

        self.q = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry()
        self.r_w, self.r_h = self.q.width(), self.q.height()
        self.setGeometry(self.r_w/2-WIDTH/2, self.r_h/2-HEIGHT/2, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
        self.setFixedSize(1300, 800)
        self.setWindowTitle('Lings2')
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('icons/Lings.ico'))
        self.mainLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()

        self.buttons = []
        for i in range(5):
            but = QtWidgets.QPushButton('button {}'.format(i), self)
            self.mainLayout.addWidget(but)
            self.buttons.append(but)
        self.setLayout(self.mainLayout)


        self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    styleFile="styles/styles.qss"
    with open(styleFile,"r") as sf:
        app.setStyleSheet(sf.read())

    mainWindow = MainWindow()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())```

如何更改 QLabel 的背景？我有很多标签，所以每个标签都需要单独更改。您需要更改的不是整个 QLabel 类的背景，而是单独更改 1. 如何获取级联表中特定标签的类？

import PyQt5
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtGui
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QDesktopWidget, QMainWindow, QAction, qApp
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

HEIGHT = 750
WIDTH = 1300
class Menu(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.menubar = parent.menuBar()
        self.file = self.menubar.addMenu('&Опции')


        self.exitAction = QAction(QIcon('cross-exit.ico'), '&Exit', self)
        self.exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        self.exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        self.exitAction.triggered.connect(parent.close)

        self.file.addAction(self.exitAction)

    def addMenu(self, actionName, text, command, icon, shortcut=None, statusTip=None) :
        self.actionName = QAction(QIcon(icon), text, self)
        if shortcut:
            self.actionName.setShortcut(shortcut)
        if statusTip:
            self.actionName.setStatusTip(statusTip)
        self.actionName.triggered.connect(command)

        self.file.insertAction(self.exitAction, self.actionName)


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.q = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry()
        self.r_w, self.r_h = self.q.width(), self.q.height()
        self.setGeometry(self.r_w/2-WIDTH/2, self.r_h/2-HEIGHT/2, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
        self.w = self.size().width()
        self.h = self.size().height()
        print(self.w, self.h)
        self.setFixedSize(1300, 750)
        self.setWindowTitle('Lings')
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('Lings.ico'))
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel("sdsd", self)
        self.labelAnswer = QtWidgets.QLabel("", self)
        self.l_w, self.l_h = 500, 100
        self.label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.labelAnswer.resize(self.l_w, self.l_h)
        self.labelAnswer.move(self.w/2-self.l_w/2, 250)
        self.label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.label.resize(self.l_w, self.l_h)
        self.label.move(self.w/2-self.l_w/2, 100)
        self.label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('Verdana', 24))
        self.labelAnswer.setFont(QtGui.QFont('Verdana', 24))
        self.label.setStyleSheet(".QLabel{\n"        //Нужно поменять фон не всему класу QLabel, а индивидуально 1. Как получить класс определенного лейбла в каскадной таблице?
        "background-color: #E0FFFF\n"
        "\n"
        "}")
        self.label.setStyleSheet(".QLabel{\n"
        "background-color: #E0FFFF\n"
        "\n"
        "}")
        self.menu = Menu(self)
        self.menu.addMenu('action', 'New', lambda: SecondWindow(self), 'test.ico', shortcut="Ctrl+D", statusTip="Creating")




        self.show()

class SecondWindow(QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent, QtCore.Qt.Window)
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):

        self.q = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry()
        self.r_w, self.r_h = self.q.width(), self.q.height()
        self.setGeometry(self.r_w/2-WIDTH/2, self.r_h/2-HEIGHT/2, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
        self.setFixedSize(1300, 800)
        self.setWindowTitle('Lings2')
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('Lings.ico'))
        self.mainLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()

        self.buttons = []
        for i in range(5):
            but = QtWidgets.QPushButton('button {}'.format(i), self)
            self.mainLayout.addWidget(but)
            self.buttons.append(but)
        self.setLayout(self.mainLayout)


        self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWindow = MainWindow()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())```

为什么窗口会SecondWindow立即关闭？

import PyQt5
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QDesktopWidget, QMainWindow, QAction, qApp
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

HEIGHT = 800
WIDTH = 1300
class Menu(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.menubar = parent.menuBar()
        self.file = self.menubar.addMenu('&Опции')


        self.exitAction = QAction(QIcon('cross-exit.ico'), '&Exit', self)
        self.exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        self.exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        self.exitAction.triggered.connect(parent.close)

        self.file.addAction(self.exitAction)

    def addMenu(self, actionName, text, command, icon, shortcut=None, statusTip=None) :
        self.actionName = QAction(QIcon(icon), text, self)
        if shortcut:
            self.actionName.setShortcut(shortcut)
        if statusTip:
            self.actionName.setStatusTip(statusTip)
        self.actionName.triggered.connect(command)

        self.file.insertAction(self.exitAction, self.actionName)


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.q = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry()
        self.r_w, self.r_h = self.q.width(), self.q.height()
        self.setGeometry(self.r_w/2-WIDTH/2, self.r_h/2-HEIGHT/2, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
        self.setFixedSize(1300, 800)
        self.setWindowTitle('Lings')
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('Lings.ico'))
        self.menu = Menu(self)
        self.menu.addMenu('action', 'New', lambda: SecondWindow(), 'test.ico', shortcut="Ctrl+D", statusTip="Creating")

        self.show()

class SecondWindow(QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent, QtCore.Qt.Window)
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):

        self.q = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry()
        self.r_w, self.r_h = self.q.width(), self.q.height()
        self.setGeometry(self.r_w/2-WIDTH/2, self.r_h/2-HEIGHT/2, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
        self.setFixedSize(1300, 800)
        self.setWindowTitle('Lings2')
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('Lings.ico'))
        self.mainLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()

        self.buttons = []
        for i in range(5):
            but = QtWidgets.QPushButton('button {}'.format(i), self)
            self.mainLayout.addWidget(but)
            self.buttons.append(but)
        self.setLayout(self.mainLayout)


        self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWindow = MainWindow()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())```

给出错误消息：

File "main.py", line 10, in __init__
self.menubar = QMainWindow.menuBar()
TypeError: menuBar(self): first argument of unbound method must have type 'QMainWindow'

怎么修 ？

import sys
import PyQt5
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QDesktopWidget, QMainWindow, QAction, qApp
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

HEIGHT = 800
WIDTH = 1300
class Menu():
    def __init__(self):
        QMainWindow().__init__()
        self.menubar = QMainWindow().menuBar()
        self.file = self.menubar.addMenu('&File')

        self.exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), '&Exit', self)
        self.exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        self.exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        self.exitAction.triggered.connect(self.close)

        self.file.addAction(self.exitAction)


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        q = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry()
        r_w, r_h = q.width(), q.height()
        self.setGeometry(r_w/2-WIDTH/2, r_h/2-HEIGHT/2, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
        self.setFixedSize(1300, 800)
        self.setWindowTitle('Lings')
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('Lings.ico'))
        menu = Menu()
        self.show()


# class Window1(QMainWindow):
#   def __init__(self):
#       super().__init__()
#   def initUI(self):
#       mainWindow.menu()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWindow = MainWindow()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())