rpe4ka722's questions

我在开发我的项目时正在学习 Django。如果需要更改我的模型的属性（名称），我使用以下结构：

模板：

    <div id="change_name" class="change_form_ozp">
        <form method="post" action="{% url 'rich:change_name' object.id %}" id="text_zamechanya">
            {% csrf_token %}
            Введите новое имя:
            <br>
            <input type="text" id="change_name_input" name="change_name" required maxlength="20" size="25">
            <br>
            <input type="submit" value="Изменить">
        </form>
    </div>

观点：

def change_name(request, id):
    res_object = Res.objects.get(id=id)
    if request.method == 'POST':
       name = request.POST['change_name']
       res_object.name = str(name)
       res_object.save()
    return redirect('rich:res_detail', id=id)

这个版本的一切都很好。问题是使用从 ModelForm 继承的表单来实现此任务，以使用标准 Django 工具验证它们。如果这样的选择是可能的，我将不胜感激。或者单击所需的文档页面。

再会。我正在 Django 中开发一个应用程序来学习网络编程。

页面实现了一个表格，显示来自数据库（包括相关模型）的必填字段的值，同时也将一些字段的所有可能值传递给模板（用于过滤时选择字段的能力). 还实现了按指定参数的内容过滤。没有关于视图和过滤器操作的问题 - 一切都按预期工作（它可能写得很歪，但它有效）。但是我需要实现将过滤前的数据上传到xls然后在保存过滤设置的同时重定向到同一页面的功能。

以下是代码片段：

def ozp(request):
    # получение списков данных для меню выбора -------------------
    objectslist = Ozp.objects.all()
    dep = Department.objects.all()
    ceh_list = []
    uchastok_list = []
    year_list = []
    for i in dep:
        if i.ceh in ceh_list:
            pass
        else:
            ceh_list.append(i.ceh)
        if i.uchastok in uchastok_list:
            pass
        else:
            uchastok_list.append(i.uchastok)
    for i in objectslist:
        try:
            year = i.zakrytie_date.year
            if str(year) in year_list:
                pass
            else:
                year_list.append(str(i.zakrytie_date.year))
        except AttributeError:
            pass
    # --------------------------------------------------------------
    # получение введенных в фильр данных --------------------------
    if request.GET:
        ceh = request.GET['ceh']
        uchastok = request.GET['uchastok']
        vipolnenie = request.GET['vipolnenie']
        na_vipolnenie = request.GET['na_vipolnenie']
        year_filter = []
        this_month = request.GET['this_month']
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # получение списка выбранных годов----------------------------------------
        for i in year_list:
            q = ''.join(['year_', str(i)])
            try:
                year_filter.append(request.GET[q])
            except KeyError:
                pass
    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # фильтрация по объектам сети----------------------------------------------
        filtered_departments = department_filter(ceh, uchastok)[0]
        filtered_by_department = " ".join(department_filter(ceh, uchastok)[1])
        filtered_objects = Object.objects.filter(uchastok__in=filtered_departments)
        filtered_ozp_objects = Ozp.objects.filter(object_name__in=filtered_objects)
    # фильтрация по выполнению -----------------------------------------------------
        if vipolnenie == '1':
            filtered_by_vipolnenie = 'Выполненным'
            filtered_ozp_objects = filtered_ozp_objects.filter(is_done=True)
        elif vipolnenie == '0':
            filtered_by_vipolnenie = 'Невыполненным'
            filtered_ozp_objects = filtered_ozp_objects.filter(is_done=False)
        else:
            filtered_by_vipolnenie = ''
    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # фильтрация по поданным на выполннеине ----------------------------------------
        if na_vipolnenie == '1':
            filtered_by_na_vipolnenie = 'Поданным на устранение'
            filtered_podano = Podano_na_vipolnenie.objects.filter(podano=True)
            filtered_ozp_objects = filtered_ozp_objects.filter(podano_na_vipolnenie__in=filtered_podano)
        elif na_vipolnenie == '0':
            filtered_by_na_vipolnenie = 'Не поданным на устранение'
            filtered_podano = Podano_na_vipolnenie.objects.filter(podano=False)
            filtered_ozp_objects = filtered_ozp_objects.filter(podano_na_vipolnenie__in=filtered_podano)
        else:
            filtered_by_na_vipolnenie = ''
    # -------------------------------------------------------------------
    # фильтрация по году-------------------------------------------------
        if year_filter != year_list:
            filtered_ozp_objects = filtered_ozp_objects.filter(zakrytie_date__year__in=year_filter)
            filtered_by_year = 'По следующим годам ' + ' '.join(year_filter)
        else:
            filtered_by_year = ''
    # -------------------------------------------------------------------
    # фильтрация по выполнению в течении месяца--------------------------
        if this_month == 'this_month':
            month = datetime.today() + timedelta(days=30)
            filtered_ozp_objects = filtered_ozp_objects.filter(zakrytie_date__lt=month)
            filtered_by_month = 'По необходимости выполнения в течении месяца'
        else:
            filtered_by_month = ''
    # -------------------------------------------------------------------
        filtered_by = ' '.join([filtered_by_department, filtered_by_vipolnenie, filtered_by_na_vipolnenie,
                                filtered_by_year, filtered_by_month])
        context = {'objectlist': filtered_ozp_objects, 'ceh': ceh_list, 'uchastok': uchastok_list, 'year': year_list,
                   'filtered_by': filtered_by}
        print(filtered_by)
        return render(request, "main/templates/ozp.html", context)
    else:
        filtered_ozp_objects = Ozp.objects.all()
        filtered_by = str('')
        context = {'objectlist': filtered_ozp_objects, 'ceh': ceh_list, 'uchastok': uchastok_list, 'year': year_list,
                   'filtered_by': filtered_by}
        print(filtered_by)
        return render(request, "main/templates/ozp.html", context)

此视图返回过滤器设置模板、选择菜单的数据、指示过滤器设置的参数的字符串以及数据本身（对象）。将链接表字段的过滤移动到一个单独的函数中：

def department_filter(ceh, uchastok):
    filtered_by = []
    if ceh == 'all' and uchastok == 'all':
        filtered_department = Department.objects.all()
    elif ceh == 'all' and uchastok != 'all':
        filtered_department = Department.objects.filter(uchastok=uchastok)
        filtered_by = [uchastok]
    elif ceh != 'all' and uchastok == 'all':
        filtered_department = Department.objects.filter(ceh=ceh)
        filtered_by = [ceh]
    else:
        filtered_department = Department.objects.filter(Q(ceh=ceh), Q(uchastok=uchastok))
        filtered_by = [uchastok, ceh]
    return filtered_department, filtered_by

在导出模板中实现了一个单独的按钮：

<form action="{% url 'main:export_xls_ozp' filtered_by %}">
    <button type="submit">Выгрузить</button>
</form>

我试图在 url 中传递 filtered_by 字符串，但由于没有过滤（传递空字符串）的错误，这个解决方案对我来说似乎是错误的。同时，我直观的理解我需要将地址栏的状态传递给export_xls_ozp函数，但是我不知道该怎么做。互联网并没有提供太多的需求。

网上找的设计不想工作：

<form action="{% url 'main:export_xls_ozp' %}?{{ request.GET.urlencode }}">
    <button type="submit">Выгрузить</button>
</form>