bluesky's questions

任务是从网络摄像头接收一系列图像，对其进行过滤，选择一种颜色（例如，仅绿色）并将其显示在窗口中。

使用OpenCV很容易做到这一点，但是使用PyQt5时有两个问题：

1. 如何获取图像数组？
2. 如何在窗口中显示修改后的图像？

所提供的代码显示来自网络摄像头的原始图像：

import sys        
from PyQt5.Qt import *


class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent):            
        super(QWidget, self).__init__(parent)

        self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self)            
        self.viewfinder = QCameraViewfinder()
        self.cameraInfo = QCameraInfo.defaultCamera()            
        self.camera = QCamera(self.cameraInfo)
        self.camera.setViewfinder(self.viewfinder)
        self.camera.setCaptureMode(QCamera.CaptureStillImage)
        self.layout.insertWidget(1, self.viewfinder)
        if self.camera.status() != QCamera.UnavailableStatus:
            self.camera.start()  
                        

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        self.widget1 = MyWidget(self)
        self.central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.central_widget)
        main_layout = QVBoxLayout(self.central_widget)
        main_layout.addWidget(self.widget1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("pyqt5")
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

更新：上面介绍了使用OpenCV
在图像中显示绿色的代码。

需要在PyQt5窗口中显示相同的图像。

    import cv2
    import numpy as np


    # Границы зеленого цвета в формате 'HLS'
    hls_min = np.array((30, 0, 0), np.uint8)
    hls_max = np.array((100, 255, 255), np.uint8)    
    cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
    while True:
        # Трёхмерный массив оригинального изображения в формате 'BGR'
        ret, frame = cap.read()
        # Перевод из 'bgr' в 'hls' (нужно именно в 'HLS')
        hls = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HLS) # Трёхмерный массив изображения в формате 'HLS'
        # Фильтр
        img_mask = cv2.inRange(hls, hls_min, hls_max)
        # Применение фильтра цвета
        img_filt = cv2.bitwise_and(frame, frame, mask = img_mask)
        a=cv2.waitKey(1)
        a=cv2.imshow("Filtered image", img_filt)

启动程序时需要保存来自网络摄像头的两张图片，但仅保存第一张图片。

import sys        
from PyQt5.Qt import *


class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent):            
        super(QWidget, self).__init__(parent)
        self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self)            
        self.viewfinder = QCameraViewfinder()
        self.cameraInfo = QCameraInfo.defaultCamera()            
        self.camera = QCamera(self.cameraInfo)
        self.camera.setViewfinder(self.viewfinder)
        self.camera.setCaptureMode(QCamera.CaptureStillImage)
        self.layout.insertWidget(1, self.viewfinder)
        if self.camera.status() != QCamera.UnavailableStatus:
            self.camera.start() 
            self.capture = QCameraImageCapture(self.camera)
        # Сохранение снимков
        for i in range(2):                                
            self.capture.capture('C:/pyqt_' + str(i) + '.jpg')


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.widget1 = MyWidget(self)
        self.central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.central_widget)
        main_layout = QVBoxLayout(self.central_widget)
        main_layout.addWidget(self.widget1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("pyqt5")
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

在一个窗口的“tab1”选项卡上，应显示来自网络摄像头的视频图像和图表，按下按钮时会更新该图表。窗口的大小、小部件以及窗口上的位置必须是固定的。我设法将图形和视频图像放置在“QHBoxLayout()”上。但是，当固定放置在“MyWidget”类中的“tab1”选项卡上（设置小部件的位置和大小时），而不是“MainWindow”上时，它们不会显示。我为什么要这样做 - 最后，我的图表应该从表格中获取值，并在我单击表格单元格时进行更新，并且这已经在“MyWidget”类中实现了。 1 个带有“QHBoxLayout()”的布局选项（工作）：

import numpy as np
import sys    
from PyQt5.Qt import *    
import random    
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        global kolichestvo_tochek
        global y
        super(QWidget, self).__init__(parent)    
        self.tabs = QTabWidget()
        self.tab1 = QWidget()
        self.layout_1 = QHBoxLayout()                
        self.tab1.setLayout(self.layout_1)
        self.tabs.addTab(self.tab1, 'tab1')
        # График
        self.figure = Figure()
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
        self.ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
        self.layout_1.addWidget(self.canvas)            
        self.update()
        self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.layout.addWidget(self.tabs)
        self.sc = MplCanvas(self, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
        # Камера
        self.viewfinder = QCameraViewfinder()
        self.cameraInfo = QCameraInfo.defaultCamera()
        self.camera = QCamera(self.cameraInfo)
        self.camera.setViewfinder(self.viewfinder)    
        self.layout_1.insertWidget(0, self.viewfinder)
        if self.camera.status() != QCamera.UnavailableStatus:
            self.camera.start()
    # Реакция на нажатие Enter на нампаде! клавиатуры
    def keyPressEvent(self, e):
        k = e.key()
        if k == 16777221:
            super().keyPressEvent(e)
            self.update()        
    def update(self):                        
        global y
        self.ax.clear()
        x = np.arange(1, 6)
        y = np.random.randint(1, 10, size=5)
        self.ax.plot(x, y)            
        self.canvas.draw()    
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)            
        self.resize(1500, 470)
        self.widget1 = MyWidget(self)                        
        self.central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.central_widget)
        main_layout = QVBoxLayout(self.central_widget)
        main_layout.addWidget(self.widget1)
class MplCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
        super(MplCanvas, self).__init__(fig)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("WebCam")
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

2 没有“布局”的选项（不起作用）：

import numpy as np
import sys    
from PyQt5.Qt import *    
import random
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        global kolichestvo_tochek
        global y
        super(QWidget, self).__init__(parent)    
        self.tabs = QTabWidget()
        self.tab1 = QWidget(self)
        # График
        self.figure = Figure()
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
        self.ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)    
        self.update()
        self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.sc = MplCanvas(self, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
        # Камера
        self.viewfinder = QCameraViewfinder()
        self.cameraInfo = QCameraInfo.defaultCamera()
        self.camera = QCamera(self.cameraInfo)
        self.camera.setViewfinder(self.viewfinder)
        if self.camera.status() != QCamera.UnavailableStatus:
            self.camera.start()    
    # Реакция на нажатие Enter на нампаде! клавиатуры
    def keyPressEvent(self, e):
        k = e.key()
        if k == 16777221:
            super().keyPressEvent(e)
            self.update()        
    def update(self):                        
        global y
        self.ax.clear()
        x = np.arange(1, 6)
        y = np.random.randint(1, 10, size=5)
        self.ax.plot(x, y)            
        self.canvas.draw()
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):        
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)            
        self.resize(1500, 470)            
        self.widget1 = MyWidget(self)                        
        self.central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.central_widget)
        central_widget = QTabWidget()            
        central_widget.addTab(self.widget1, "tab1")
        self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)
        
class MplCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
        super(MplCanvas, self).__init__(fig)        
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("WebCam")
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

在单元格中输入值并按键盘上的某个键后，Enter终端中应出现一个条目：“按下 Enter”。

事实上，记录仅在第二次按下按钮后出现，并且不是每次，而是每隔一次。

我不知道如何在第一次点击后显示消息。

import sys    
from PyQt5.Qt import *        
class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        super(QWidget, self).__init__(parent)
            # Компоновка
        self.tabs = QTabWidget()
        self.tab1 = QWidget()
        self.layout_vert_0 = QVBoxLayout()                    
        self.layout_1 = QHBoxLayout()
        self.tab1.setLayout(self.layout_vert_0)
        self.layout_vert_0.addLayout(self.layout_1)
        self.tabs.addTab(self.tab1, "PyQt5")                
        self.tableWidget = QTableWidget()            
        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(1)
        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(1)        
        self.layout_1.addWidget(self.tableWidget)
        row = self.tableWidget.currentRow
        column = self.tableWidget.currentColumn            
        self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.layout.addWidget(self.tabs)        
    # Реагирование на нажатие 'Enter'        
    def keyPressEvent(self, e):
        k = e.key()
        print('нажата какая-то кнопка')
        if k == 16777221:
            super().keyPressEvent(e)                                
            print("!!!!! нажат Enter")
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)            
        self.widget1 = MyWidget(self)                        
        self.central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.central_widget)
        main_layout = QVBoxLayout(self.central_widget)
        main_layout.addWidget(self.widget1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("pyqt5")
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

在PyQt5中，我按数字顺序记下表格单元格QTableWidget的大小，并尝试在终端中显示它。 但只显示第一个单元格的值：和。2 х 101
00

错误在哪里？

import sys
from PyQt5.Qt import *    


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        self.tableWidget = QTableWidget()            
        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(2)
        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(1)

        # Задание значений ячеек                                    
        for i in range(2):
            self.tableWidget.setItem(i,0, QTableWidgetItem(str(i)))

        # Вывод значений ячеек в терминал
        for i in range(2):
            print(self.tableWidget.itemAt(i, 0).text())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("PyQt5")
    window = MainWindow()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

当按下按钮时，必须显示单元格的值。

主要.py：

import sys
from PyQt5.Qt import *


class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        super(QWidget, self).__init__(parent)
            # Таблица
        self.tableWidget = QTableWidget()
        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(1)
        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(1)            
        self.tableWidget.setItem(0,0, QTableWidgetItem("Cell (1,1)"))                    
            # Инициализацтя экрана вкладок
        self.tabs = QTabWidget()
        self.tab1 = QWidget()
        self.tab1.layout_1   = QHBoxLayout(self.tab1)
            # Добавление таблицы на вкладку 1
        self.tab1.layout_1.addWidget(self.tableWidget)
            # Кнопка печати
        self.pushButton_print = QPushButton("Печать")
        self.tab1.layout_1.layout_1_1 = QVBoxLayout(self.tab1)                
            # Добавление вкладки
        self.tabs.addTab(self.tab1, "tab_1")            
            # Добавляем кнопку на вкладку            
        self.tab1.layout_1.addWidget(self.pushButton_print)
        self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.layout.addWidget(self.tabs)
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
            # Размещаем виджеты
        self.widget1 = MyWidget(self)            
        self.widget1.pushButton_print.clicked.connect(self.on_click_print) 

        self.central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.central_widget)                
    
        main_layout = QVBoxLayout(self.central_widget)
        main_layout.addWidget(self.widget1)
        
    def on_click_print(self):                            
        print("Печать")            
        print(MyWidget.tableWidget.itemAt(0, 0).text())

    def clear(self):
        self.tableWidget.clear()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("PyQt5")
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

该窗口应该有两个选项卡。
每个选项卡都有一个按钮。
在第一个选项卡上，按钮旁边，应显示来自网络摄像头的视频，
但视频窗口显示在单独的窗口上，并且不会广播视频。

from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtMultimedia import *
from PyQt5.QtMultimediaWidgets import *

import os
import sys

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 1500, 700)
        self.available_cameras = QCameraInfo.availableCameras()
        if not self.available_cameras:            
            sys.exit()
        self.status = QStatusBar()
        self.setStatusBar(self.status)            
        self.viewfinder = QCameraViewfinder()
        self.viewfinder.show()

        self.online_webcams = QCameraInfo.availableCameras()
        if not self.online_webcams:
            pass
        self.exist = QCameraViewfinder()
        self.exist.show()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.exist)
    
        # Вебкамера по умолчанию
        Camera.get_webcam(self, i=0)        

        # Размещаем виджеты
        self.widget1  = MyTableWidget(self)
        self.widget2  = Camera(self)
    
        main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
        main_layout.addWidget(self.widget1)
        main_layout.addWidget(self.widget2)        
        central_widget = QWidget()
        central_widget.setLayout(main_layout)
        self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)
        self.show()

class Camera(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        super(QWidget, self).__init__(parent)
    
    def get_webcam(self, i):
        self.my_webcam = QCamera(self.online_webcams[i])
        self.my_webcam.setViewfinder(self.exist)
        self.my_webcam.setCaptureMode(QCamera.CaptureStillImage)
        self.my_webcam.error.connect(lambda: self.alert(self.my_webcam.errorString()))
        self.my_webcam.start()

        def alert(self, s):
            """
            Ошибки
            """
            err = QErrorMessage(self)
            err.showMessage(s)

class MyTableWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent):

        super(QWidget, self).__init__(parent)
        self.layout_1 = QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.layout_2 = QVBoxLayout(self)
    
        # Инициализируем экран вкладок
        self.tabs = QTabWidget()
        self.tab1 = QWidget()
        self.tab2 = QWidget()
        self.tabs.resize(300,200)
    
        # Добавляем вкладки
        self.tabs.addTab(self.tab1,"Вкладка 1")
        self.tabs.addTab(self.tab2,"Вкладка 2")
    
        # Создаем вкладки
        self.tab1.layout_1 = QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.tab2.layout_2 = QVBoxLayout(self)

        # Создаем кнопки
        self.pushButton1 = QPushButton("Кнопка 1")
        self.pushButton2 = QPushButton("Кнопка 2")
    
        # Действие при нажатии на кнопку
        self.pushButton1.clicked.connect(self.on_click_1)
        self.pushButton2.clicked.connect(self.on_click_2)

        # Добавляем кнопку на вкладку № 1
        self.tab1.layout_1.addWidget(self.pushButton1)        
        self.tab1.setLayout(self.tab1.layout_1)

        # Добавляем кнопку на вкладку № 2
        self.tab2.layout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton2)
        self.tab2.setLayout(self.tab2.layout_2)
    
        # Добавляем вкладки
        self.layout_1.addWidget(self.tabs)
        self.setLayout(self.layout_1)

        self.layout_2.addWidget(self.tabs)
        self.setLayout(self.layout_2)
    
        # Функция по нажатию кнопки
        def on_click_1(self):
            print("Нажата кнопка 1")

        def on_click_2(self):
            print("Нажата кнопка 2")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("WebCam")
    window = MainWindow()
    app.exec_()

我正在制作一个脚本，当按下鼠标按钮时，文本 1 应该显示 2 秒。文本出现 2 秒后，应该出现文本 2。无限循环，一切正常。是否有可能在不经历对 Raspberry Zero 处理器施加压力的循环的情况下实现相同的结果。

import pynput
import time
from pynput import mouse    
t = time.time()
tst = 'not'
# Бесконечный цикл
for i in range(10000):
    # Функция отслеживания нажатия мыши
    def on_click(x, y, button, press):
        global tst
        global t        
        tst = 'test'            
        t = time.time()
    listener_mouse = mouse.Listener(on_click = on_click)
    listener_mouse.start()
    # Функция вывода текста            
    def start_stop():
        global t        
        if time.time() - t < 2:
            print('start', tst)
        else:
            print('__stop__', tst)
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        start_stop()

我有一个 640x480 的原始图像。我从中提取了向量 R、G、B。然后我需要将其粘回去以恢复形状为 (480,640,3) 的图像。我得到了形状（3,480,640）：

# Исходные вектора
r = np.arange(480*640)
g = np.arange(480*640)
b = np.arange(480*640)

    # Попытка 1
r_2 = r.reshape(480, 640)
g_2 = g.reshape(480, 640)
b_2 = b.reshape(480, 640)
img = np.hstack([r_2, g_2, b_2])
img = np.array(np.hsplit(img, 3))

    # Попытка 2
img = np.column_stack((r, g, b))
img = frame.reshape(480*640, 3)
img = np.array(np.vsplit(img, 480))     
img = np.uint8(img)
cv2.imshow("img" , img) # Наблюдаю три изображения в окне

重新安装 Windows 10、Microsoft Visual C++ 和 CUDA 11.6 后，我安装了 Python 3.10 库。要安装 Cupy，我使用以下命令pip install cupy-cuda116：pip install cupy和pip install cupy-10.5.0+cuda116-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl. 一个错误：

Collecting cupy-cuda116
Using cached cupy_cuda116-10.6.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (62.4 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy<1.25,>=1.18 in c:\python310\lib\site-packages (from cupy-cuda116) (1.22.4+mkl)
Collecting fastrlock>=0.5
  Using cached fastrlock-0.8.tar.gz (68 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for fastrlock, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: fastrlock, cupy-cuda116
  Running setup.py install for fastrlock ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for fastrlock did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [16 lines of output]
      building without Cython
      running install
      C:\Python310\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        warnings.warn(
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\fastrlock
      copying fastrlock\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\fastrlock
      copying fastrlock\rlock.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\fastrlock
      copying fastrlock\__init__.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\fastrlock
      copying fastrlock\_lock.pxi -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\fastrlock
      running build_ext
      building 'fastrlock.rlock' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> fastrlock

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.

每个向量中有两个不重复值的不同长度的向量。您需要同时获取两个向量中存在的值

a = np.array((1, 2, 5))
b = np.array((2, 3, 5, 10, 20))

正确结果：

array([2, 5])

如何在一个表达式中快速（例如，元素个数为10**9）选择向量'a'中值大于'a_min'，小于'a_max'的元素，但不显示带有数字“idx”的元素。例如

a = np.arange(20)
a_min = 5
a_max = 15
idx = [6, 7, 9, 12]
res_ind = np.where((a > a_min) & (a < a_max) & (a != a[idx]))

第三个条件 'a != a[idx]' 不正确。

有必要使用 Pyusb Python 库在不使用微控制器的情况下通过 USB 电缆每秒交替打开和关闭 1 次电磁铁。是否有可能做到这一点？PS 这个想法是电磁铁是由来自 USB 的电压触发的。该图显示了我要重复的电路

以下代码以表格形式显示显卡设置，包括温度。如何将 GPU 温度值显示为单独的数字？我在文档中没有找到任何东西。

import GPUtil
GPUtil.showUtilization(all=True)

哪个库可用于在 Python 中找出显卡的温度？显卡 - NVidia 1080 Windows 10

在 Ursina，我寻找十字路口。一切都在循环中进行。我正在尝试使用 Numpy 摆脱循环，但 Ursina 对数组发誓。如何使用 Numpy 的功能而不使用循环？

from ursina import *
import numpy as np
app = Ursina()
cube_1 = Entity(model='cube', collider='box')
cube_2 = Entity(model='cube', collider='box')
cube_3 = Entity(model='cube', collider='box')
lst = []
lst.append(cube_2)
lst.append(cube_3)

for m in range(2):
    if cube_1.intersects(lst[m]).hit:
        print('intersects 1')

arr = np.asarray(lst)
np.where(cube_1.intersects(arr).hit == True)

有一个分辨率为 (220, 220) 的图像，即 三个 RGB 层的数组 (220, 220, 3)。如何在不干扰图像顺序的情况下向该数组添加四层（假设为零）。据我了解，应该获得一个大小为 (220, 220, 7) 的数组，还是我弄错了

import numpy as np
a = np.arange(220 * 220 * 3).reshape(220 * 220, 3)
a = np.array(np.vsplit(a, 220))

b = np.zeros(220 * 220 * 4).reshape(220 * 220, 4)
b = np.array(np.vsplit(b, 220))

c = np.vstack((a, b))

开始学习PyQt。看了很多关于PyQt和OOP的教程。对于简单的情况，逻辑或多或少是清楚的。但是当涉及到从更简单的元素构建更复杂的代码时，代码在OOP中的结构并不完全清楚。

目标是构建一个窗口，上面有两个Layout（左和右）。窗口的左半部分应显示一个表格，其中包含从 csv 文件加载的数据。在窗口的右半部分，有一个根据这些表格数据构建的图表。

有两个工人代码分别执行这些任务中的每一个。

告诉我如何将两个代码合二为一，或者至少应该是什么代码结构。

代码открытия/записи csv-файла：

import sys
import os
import csv
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTableWidget, QApplication, QMainWindow, QTableWidgetItem, QFileDialog
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import qApp, QAction

class MyTable(QTableWidget):
    def __init__(self, r, c):
        super().__init__(r, c)
        self.check_change = True
        self.init_ui()

    def init_ui(self):
        self.cellChanged.connect(self.c_current)
        self.show()

    def c_current(self):
        if self.check_change:
            row = self.currentRow()
            col = self.currentColumn()
            value = self.item(row, col)
            value = value.text()
            print("The current cell is ", row, ", ", col)
            print("In this cell we have: ", value)

    def open_sheet(self):
        self.check_change = False
        path = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open CSV', os.getenv('HOME'), 'CSV(*.csv)')
        if path[0] != '':
            with open(path[0]) as csv_file:
                self.setRowCount(0)
                self.setColumnCount(2)
                my_file = csv.reader(csv_file, dialect='excel')
                for row_data in my_file:
                    row = self.rowCount()
                    self.insertRow(row)
                    if len(row_data) > 2:
                        self.setColumnCount(len(row_data))
                    for column, stuff in enumerate(row_data):
                        item = QTableWidgetItem(stuff)
                        self.setItem(row, column, item)
        self.check_change = True

    def save_sheet(self):
        path = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self, 'Save CSV', os.getenv('HOME'), 'CSV(*.csv)')
        if path[0] != '':
            with open(path[0], 'w', newline='') as csv_file:
                writer = csv.writer(csv_file, dialect='excel')
                for row in range(self.rowCount()):
                    row_data = []
                    for column in range(self.columnCount()):
                        item = self.item(row, column)
                        if item is not None:
                            row_data.append(item.text())
                        else:
                            row_data.append('')
                    writer.writerow(row_data)

class Sheet(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.form_widget = MyTable(10, 2)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.form_widget)
        col_headers = ['x', 'y']
        self.form_widget.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(col_headers)

        # Set up menu
        bar = self.menuBar()
        file = bar.addMenu('Файл')

        save_action = QAction('&Сохранить', self)
        save_action.setShortcut('Ctrl+S')
        open_action = QAction('&Открыть', self)
        quit_action = QAction('&Выйти', self)

        file.addAction(save_action)
        file.addAction(open_action)
        file.addAction(quit_action)

        quit_action.triggered.connect(self.quit_app)
        save_action.triggered.connect(self.form_widget.save_sheet)
        open_action.triggered.connect(self.form_widget.open_sheet)
        self.setGeometry(700, 300, 300, 500)
        self.show()

    def quit_app(self):
        qApp.quit()

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
sheet = Sheet()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

代码для вывода графика Matplotlib：

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QMenu, QVBoxLayout, QSizePolicy, QMessageBox, QWidget, QPushButton
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

class App(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.left = 600
        self.top = 300
        self.title = 'График'
        self.width = 640
        self.height = 400
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle(self.title)
        self.setGeometry(self.left, self.top, self.width, self.height)

        m = PlotCanvas(self, width=5, height=4)
        m.move(0,0)

        button = QPushButton('Кнопка', self)
        button.setToolTip('Подсказка')
        button.move(500,0)
        button.resize(100,20)

        self.show()

class PlotCanvas(FigureCanvas):

    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
        self.setParent(parent)

        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)
        self.plot()

    def plot(self):
        x = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
        y = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
        ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
        ax.plot(x, y, 'r-')
        ax.set_title('График')
        self.draw()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = App()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

我正在尝试在图像的两侧添加黑色条纹。对于单调的颜色，结果是：

import numpy as np
import cv2
    
# Задание изображения 640 х 480
width = 640
height = 480
img = np.array(np.vsplit(np.zeros(height*width*3).reshape(width*height,3),height))

# Задание зеленого цвета изображения
img[:,:,1] = 255

# Формирование черной полосы шириной 100 для добавления слева и справа изображения
width_nul = 100
nul = np.zeros(width_nul*height*3).reshape((width_nul*height,3))
nul = np.array(np.vsplit(nul, height))

# Добавление черных полос слева и справа
img = np.hstack((nul, img))
img = np.hstack((img, nul))
a = cv2.imshow("img", img)

但是，当我尝试为任何“img.jpg”照片添加条纹时，会显示一个白色方块：

import numpy as np
import cv2
    
# Чтение изображения 640 х 480
img = cv2.imread('img.jpg')

# Формирование черной полосы для добавления слева и справа изображения
width_nul = 100
height = 480
nul = np.zeros(width_nul*height*3).reshape((width_nul*height,3))
nul = np.array(np.vsplit(nul, height))

# Добавление черных полос слева и справа
img = np.hstack((nul, img))
img = np.hstack((img, nul))
a = cv2.imshow("img", img)

数字类型 1/3 是“浮点数”。如何将数字从一种类型转换为另一种类型（float16、float32、float64）？